Soviet Bloc Game (C version): Difference between revisions
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I learned that the nds has a ton of fancy game featrues (as you might expect), like sprites and special memory hardware that can make really fast copies of some things. It also has two seperate processors, which do completely diferent things (update the screen and check the inputs, for example) yet still make a complete system work. This is, needless to say, much more complicated than the things I usually work on. | I learned that the nds has a ton of fancy game featrues (as you might expect), like sprites and special memory hardware that can make really fast copies of some things. It also has two seperate processors, which do completely diferent things (update the screen and check the inputs, for example) yet still make a complete system work. This is, needless to say, much more complicated than the things I usually work on. | ||
However, I decided to forgo all the low level work and keep things simple. There is one video mode which, instead of making up sprites or loading in complex background images, is just that you write to a certain spot in memory with a certain value, and it turns a certain pixel of the screen a certain color (aka framebuffer mode). This is really easy to work with, although there are no included commands to draw lines or crcles or anything like that, so I added a few functions for this (although all I need to draw is boxes, which does make it somewhat easier.) This mode is also a lot slower than what the Ds is truely caplable of doing apparently, but I found it was more than fast enough to make Tetris work correctly. The DS is also equipped with color screens, so I got to try coloring the blocks for the first time; this too was very easy, since I had kept track of which block belongs to which piece type, all I had to do was assign a color to each piece when going through and printing the playfield matrix. In doing this, I left out a bit of the code from the TRS-80 version that only plots things on the screen where it needs to be changed (this was absolutely nessacary in the TRS-80 version to get a playable game), but I found that the DS was so fast that it didn't matter at all. So now the entire piece carrier gets redrawn instead of just those tiles which have changed, but I could probably redraw the entire playfield too without any issue at all. | However, I decided to forgo all the low level work and keep things simple. There is one video mode which, instead of making up sprites or loading in complex background images, is just that you write to a certain spot in memory with a certain value, and it turns a certain pixel of the screen a certain color (aka framebuffer mode). This is really easy to work with, although there are no included commands to draw lines or crcles or anything like that, so I added a few functions for this (although all I need to draw is boxes, which does make it somewhat easier.) This mode is also a lot slower than what the Ds is truely caplable of doing apparently, but I found it was more than fast enough to make Tetris work correctly. | ||
The DS is also equipped with color screens, so I got to try coloring the blocks for the first time; this too was very easy, since I had kept track of which block belongs to which piece type, all I had to do was assign a color to each piece when going through and printing the playfield matrix. In doing this, I left out a bit of the code from the TRS-80 version that only plots things on the screen where it needs to be changed (this was absolutely nessacary in the TRS-80 version to get a playable game), but I found that the DS was so fast that it didn't matter at all. So now the entire piece carrier gets redrawn instead of just those tiles which have changed, but I could probably redraw the entire playfield too without any issue at all because speed is very high. | |||
Speaking of speed, this ended up being a problem. In my two older versions, gameplay was quite slow. On the DS, I needed to introduce a lockout so that the next piece would not immediatly drop down while still holding the DOWN key. Then, it was a matter of adding frame delays to make a game that was not too fast (though I did increase the number of levels (speedup as lines are cleared) for faster gameplay as you keep playing). | Speaking of speed, this ended up being a problem. In my two older versions, gameplay was quite slow. On the DS, I needed to introduce a lockout so that the next piece would not immediatly drop down while still holding the DOWN key. Then, it was a matter of adding frame delays to make a game that was not too fast (though I did increase the number of levels (speedup as lines are cleared) for faster gameplay as you keep playing). | ||
Revision as of 00:13, 11 June 2019
While thinking about ways to make my TRS-80 model I more useable in 2019, I realized that I could not easily find a version of Tetris for it (probably because the TRS-80 came out about 10ish years before Tetris was invented), so I thought I might try to write my own after watching an episode of the 8-bit Guy where David does the same. I used to play the Gameboy version of Tetris all the time on my Ti-nSpire calculator thanks to the nspire hacking scene and an emulator port, so that's the style of Tetris I will try to recreate.
However, I have written few games, and never done a Tetris clone before, so I approach this mostly as a challange.
Objectives:
- Playfield the same size as GB version
- in color?
- same or similar scoring system to GB version
- same rotation style as GB version
- easily portable to different platforms (that are C like)
- somewhat wellishly documented
This ended up being a sort of 24 hour challenge; I started this project at about 11pm yesterday, and by about the time of this page's creation I had created an Arduino version of Tetris that met most of these objectives.
Theory of Operation
Basics
The basics of the game's functioning can be summed up with just a few components: a part that generates the tetrominoe shapes, a playfield that contains already played pieces and open spots where the active piece can move and collision detection that says where the active piece can and can't go.
The playfield size is adjustable, but in the gameboy version it's 10 wide by 18 tall. In my version I added an extra 4 lines on top (which are not to be displayed) for the new pieces to appear within. Within the program, it appears as a big 2D matrix called playfield[][].
Drawing the pieces
Rather than figure out all the complex rotations of the part, I hardcoded them (using the Nintendo rotation system as described at https://tetris.fandom.com/wiki/Nintendo_Rotation_System). The parts appear in a 4x4 piece container pieceC[][] matrix. This is then overlaid onto the playfield, and can be moved around. Nonzero cells of the matrix define the shape of the piece, like:
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
The numbers used to define the piece are unique to each piece, so if you write the display section to use each number as a color, you can have a color game.
Collision detection
In the collision detection section, the overlaid piece carrier is moved as if you were to make that move, and then we check if any of the cells overlap with non-blank sections of the playfield, or if any part of the active piece lies outside the playfield area. If so, the move is undone, and you can decide what to do from there. If no collision occurs, the move is done for real and displayed the next time the screen is updated.
Usually, the collision detection is used to prevent motion if a piece or wall is in the way, but if the piece is attempting to move downwards, the piece is instead copied onto the playfield, and the numbers making up the piece are increased by 8. This is how the collision detection can differentiate between the active piece and dead pieces in the playfield.
Input conditioning
I added some input conditioning as well. For rotations of the active piece, the move is not repeating, and you must release the rotation input and press it again for a rotation to happen again. For moves left, right, and down, a system similar to repeating keys on a computer keyboard is used, holding down the direction for a brief moment will make the action repeat. In the gameboy version, dropping a piece quickly will increase the score based on the number of tiles dropped while moving fast. This is also replicated (but probably not perfectly) in my version.
Details
Levels and speed
I only update the screen every few moments. Call the time of one of these updates a frame. While the screen is waiting to be updated, it's a good time to check the controls and see what we need to do the next time the screen needs updating. All the processing of the moves and collisions happens just before the screen updates. Every few frames, the active piece drops one row. This is connected to the levels, which in my version go from 0-20, which I think is in line with the gb version. The drop happens every 20 frames at level 0, up to a delay of 0 frames at level 20. For every 10 lines that the user clears, the level is increased by 1, so that the game gets progressively faster, just like the gb version.
Game over detection
This one is pretty simple. If any non-active piece sections are found on the line above the top of the visible playfield, the game ends. Check this every frame.
Line completion detection
This is a little more complicated than the game over, but basically I check to see if any rows are completely filled in with dead pieces. I keep track of which lines are full (and how many of them there are), and animate the corresponding lines by having the whole row(s) flash for a moment. At this point I also add onto the number of completed lines counter displayed on the scoreboard. Then, I copy all the lines above the filled line down by one tile. Since this is done for each filled line in sequence, the effect moves the playfield down for all cases of any number of filled lines.
Scoring
The number of filled lines cleared in one move (calculated above) is used in the scoring formula to add to the score. The full formula (according to the Nintendo scoring system) is:
- 1 line: 40*(level+1)
- 2 lines: 100*(level+1)
- 3 lines: 300*(level+1)
- 4 lines: 1200*(level+1)
Additionally, the number of grid tiles that are dropped by the user pressing "down" (ie, soft drop), which I kept track of earlier, are also added to the score.
New game
I have a new game button also. When pressed (and the controls are checked), it picks new pieces, clears the level, score, and lines counters, and empties the playfield of dead pieces. Thus, a new game begins.
Hardware (Arduino version)
I do most of my software development on arduino-like embedded systems, and am pretty familiar with I/O options on these devices (more so than on a stndard computer), so I used an arduino nano with a 128x64 st7920 monochrome LCD and the u8g2 libray for the display. For input, I wired up 3 buttons, 2 rotate and one new game, and an analog joystick (which I am using as a digital one) for directional moves.
Porting
With any luck, my code can be ported to different platforms just my changing the section that displays the playfield on a screen, the input sections that take in the button presses, and maybe the delay sections. On the Arduino, my code takes up about 50% of the prgram storage space, and 50% of ram, with most of that being due to the u8g2 library. I'm not an expert on the super low-level processes on the arduino, nor do I think my game is the most effceiently coded, but my guess is that if the game works well on a system with as low specifications as the atmega328, it should be able to run on nearly anything else.
The Code (Arduino version)
#define pfsizeX 10
#define pfsizeY 22 //note that top 4 lines are not drawn
uint8_t playfield[pfsizeX][pfsizeY]; //the game area
uint8_t pieceC[4][4]; //piece container
int8_t pieceCX; //location of upper left corner of piece container
int8_t pieceCY;
uint8_t pieceT; //type of piece
uint8_t pieceR; //rotation of piece
uint8_t nextpieceT;
uint8_t nextpieceR;
uint8_t dcontrol; //locks in control every frame
uint8_t rcontrol;
uint8_t lastdcontrol=0; //for "debouncing" of inputs
uint8_t lastrcontrol=0;
uint8_t drepeatframe=0;
#define drepeatframes 3 //wait _ frames before repeatedly going in one direction
uint8_t dropframe=0; //counter for number of frames between block drops
uint8_t level=0; //LEVEL decreases frame drop from 20 frames to 0 frames (levels 0 to 20)
boolean ngame=0; //when set, starts new game
uint16_t lines=0; //NUMBER OF LINES CLEARED
uint32_t score=0; //TOTAL SCORE (using NES rules)
uint8_t fdrop; //number of blocks that piece has been fast dropped
uint8_t lslvi=0; //lines since level increase (when this gets to 10, increase the level)
#include <U8g2lib.h>
U8G2_ST7920_128X64_1_HW_SPI u8g2(U8G2_R0, /* CS=*/ 12, /* reset=*/ 8);
void dispscreen(){
u8g2.firstPage();
do {
for(uint8_t j=4; j<pfsizeY; j++){ //draw screen
for(uint8_t i=0; i<pfsizeX; i++){
if(playfield[i][j]!=0){
u8g2.drawBox(5*(j-4),5*(pfsizeX-1)-5*i,6,6);
}else{
u8g2.drawFrame(5*(j-4),5*(pfsizeX-1)-5*i,6,6);
//if(j==3){u8g2.drawLine(5*j,5*(pfsizeX-1)-5*i,5*j+5,5*(pfsizeX-1)-5*i+5);}
}
}}
uint8_t temppieceT=pieceT;
uint8_t temppieceR=pieceR;
pieceT=nextpieceT;
pieceR=nextpieceR;
loadpiece();
for(uint8_t j=0; j<4; j++){ //draw next piece
for(uint8_t i=0; i<4; i++){
if(pieceC[i][j]!=0){
u8g2.drawBox(5*(j+pfsizeY-3),5*(pfsizeX-1)-5*i,6,6);
}else{
u8g2.drawFrame(5*(j+pfsizeY-3),5*(pfsizeX-1)-5*i,6,6);
}
}}
pieceT=temppieceT;
pieceR=temppieceR;
loadpiece();
u8g2.setFont(u8g2_font_6x10_tf);
char zbuffer[32];
sprintf(zbuffer, "N%d", lines);
u8g2.drawStr(0,60, zbuffer);
sprintf(zbuffer, "L%d", level);
u8g2.drawStr(25,60, zbuffer);
sprintf(zbuffer, "S%d", score);
u8g2.drawStr(50,60, zbuffer);
} while( u8g2.nextPage() );
}
void controls(){
if(digitalRead(A3)==0){ngame=1;}
if(dcontrol==0){
if(analogRead(A7)<10){dcontrol=4;}
if(analogRead(A7)>1014){dcontrol=6;}
if(analogRead(A6)>1014){dcontrol=8;}
if(analogRead(A6)<10){dcontrol=2;}
if(dcontrol==0){drepeatframe=0;}
if(dcontrol==lastdcontrol){ //short delay before fast motion
if(drepeatframe<=drepeatframes){
drepeatframe++;
dcontrol=3; //lockout if within lockout period
}
}
}
if(rcontrol==0){
if(digitalRead(A4)==0){rcontrol=1;}
if(digitalRead(A5)==0){rcontrol=2;}
if(rcontrol==lastrcontrol){rcontrol=3;}
}
}
void clearControls(){
if(rcontrol!=3){lastrcontrol=rcontrol;}
if(dcontrol!=3){lastdcontrol=dcontrol;}
rcontrol=0;
dcontrol=0;
}
void draw(){
loadpiece(); //load piece into the piece carrier
for(uint8_t i=0; i<pfsizeX; i++){ //clear any cells with active piece parts (will be written again with new pieceC
for(uint8_t j=0; j<pfsizeY; j++){
if(playfield[i][j]<=7){playfield[i][j]=0;}
}
}
for(uint8_t i=0; i<4; i++){ //copy active piece onto the playfield
for(uint8_t j=0; j<4; j++){
if(pieceCX+i>=0&&pieceCX+i<pfsizeX&&pieceCY+j>=0&&pieceCY+j<pfsizeY){//check if piece segment can be drawn on screen
if(pieceC[i][j]!=0){playfield[i+pieceCX][j+pieceCY]=pieceC[i][j];}
}
}
}
}
boolean checkCollide(){ //move the piece carrier first, then check if anything collides
loadpiece(); //load piece into the piece carrier
boolean nonvalidity=0;
for(uint8_t i=0; i<4; i++){ //run through all piece carrier cells
for(uint8_t j=0; j<4; j++){
if(pieceCX+i>=0&&pieceCX+i<pfsizeX&&pieceCY+j>=0&&pieceCY+j<pfsizeY){ //check if piece carrier segment can be drawn on screen
if(pieceC[i][j]!=0&&playfield[i+pieceCX][j+pieceCY]>7){ //if both background and nonzero piece carrier segment collide
nonvalidity=1;
}
}else{ //this segment of PC can't be drawn on the screen
if(pieceC[i][j]!=0){ //a filled in segment would be drawn offscreen
nonvalidity=1;
}
}
}
}
return nonvalidity;
}
void piece2bg(){
for(uint8_t i=0; i<4; i++){ //copy active piece onto the screen
for(uint8_t j=0; j<4; j++){
if(pieceC[i][j]!=0){playfield[i+pieceCX][j+pieceCY]=pieceC[i][j]+8;} //copy the piece into the playfield/background
}}
nextpiece();
}
void nextpiece(){//generate the next piece and move PC back to the top
pieceT=nextpieceT;
pieceR=nextpieceR;
nextpieceT = rand()%7 + 1;
nextpieceR = rand()%4 + 1;
pieceCY=0; //move piece carrier back to the top of screen
pieceCX=3;
}
void newgamemon(){
if(ngame==0){return;}
Serial.println(F("NEW GAME"));
ngame=0;
for(uint8_t i=0; i<pfsizeX; i++){ //clear any cells with active piece parts (will be written again with new pieceC
for(uint8_t j=0; j<pfsizeY; j++){
playfield[i][j]=0;
}
}
lines=0;
level=0;
score=0;
lslvi=0;
fdrop=0;
nextpiece();
nextpiece();
}
void loadpiece(){ //hardcoded all pieces
switch(pieceT){
case 1: //long one
switch(pieceR){
case 1:
case 3:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=0; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=1; pieceC[1][2]=1; pieceC[2][2]=1; pieceC[3][2]=1;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=0; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
case 2:
case 4:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=1; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=0; pieceC[2][1]=1; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=0; pieceC[1][2]=0; pieceC[2][2]=1; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=0; pieceC[2][3]=1; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
}
break;
case 2: //backwards L
switch(pieceR){
case 1:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=0; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=2; pieceC[1][2]=2; pieceC[2][2]=2; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=0; pieceC[2][3]=2; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
case 2:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=2; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=0; pieceC[1][2]=2; pieceC[2][2]=0; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=2; pieceC[1][3]=2; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
case 3:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=2; pieceC[1][1]=0; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=2; pieceC[1][2]=2; pieceC[2][2]=2; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=0; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
case 4:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=2; pieceC[2][1]=2; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=0; pieceC[1][2]=2; pieceC[2][2]=0; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=2; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
}
break;
case 3: //L
switch(pieceR){
case 1:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=0; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=3; pieceC[1][2]=3; pieceC[2][2]=3; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=3; pieceC[1][3]=0; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
case 2:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=3; pieceC[1][1]=3; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=0; pieceC[1][2]=3; pieceC[2][2]=0; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=3; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
case 3:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=0; pieceC[2][1]=3; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=3; pieceC[1][2]=3; pieceC[2][2]=3; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=0; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
case 4:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=3; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=0; pieceC[1][2]=3; pieceC[2][2]=0; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=3; pieceC[2][3]=3; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
}
break;
case 4: //s shape
switch(pieceR){
case 1:
case 3:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=0; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=0; pieceC[1][2]=4; pieceC[2][2]=4; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=4; pieceC[1][3]=4; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
case 2:
case 4:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=4; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=0; pieceC[1][2]=4; pieceC[2][2]=4; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=0; pieceC[2][3]=4; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
}
break;
case 5: //T shape
switch(pieceR){
case 1:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=0; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=5; pieceC[1][2]=5; pieceC[2][2]=5; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=5; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
case 2:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=5; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=5; pieceC[1][2]=5; pieceC[2][2]=0; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=5; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
case 3:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=5; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=5; pieceC[1][2]=5; pieceC[2][2]=5; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=0; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
case 4:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=5; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=0; pieceC[1][2]=5; pieceC[2][2]=5; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=5; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
}
break;
case 6: //reverse s
switch(pieceR){
case 1:
case 3:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=0; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=6; pieceC[1][2]=6; pieceC[2][2]=0; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=6; pieceC[2][3]=6; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
case 2:
case 4:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=0; pieceC[2][1]=6; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=0; pieceC[1][2]=6; pieceC[2][2]=6; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=6; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
}
break;
case 7: //square
switch(pieceR){
default:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=7; pieceC[2][1]=7; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=0; pieceC[1][2]=7; pieceC[2][2]=7; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=0; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
}
break;
}
}
void setup(){
Serial.begin(115200);
u8g2.begin();
pinMode(A4, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(A5, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(A3, INPUT_PULLUP); //new game button
ngame=1;
newgamemon();
}
void loop() {
for(uint32_t h=0;h<=5;h++){//frame delay //DELAY SECTION (BETWEEN FRAMES)
delay(1);
controls();
newgamemon();
}
boolean droppiece=0;
dropframe++;
if(dropframe>=(20-level)){
dropframe=0;
droppiece=1;
}
if(rcontrol==1){
pieceR++; if(pieceR>=5){pieceR=1;} //try to rotate piece
if(checkCollide()){
pieceR--; if(pieceR<=0){pieceR=4;} //undo rotation
}
}
if(rcontrol==2){
pieceR--; if(pieceR<=0){pieceR=4;}
if(checkCollide()){
pieceR++; if(pieceR>=5){pieceR=1;}
}
}
if(dcontrol==4){
pieceCX--; //try and see what happens if we move the piece left
if(checkCollide()){//piece move is not valid
pieceCX++; //take piece back
}
}
if(dcontrol==6){
pieceCX++; //try and see what happens if we move the piece left
if(checkCollide()){//piece move is not valid
pieceCX--; //take piece back
}
}
if(dcontrol==8){
pieceCY--; //try and see what happens if we move the piece up
if(checkCollide()){//piece move is not valid
pieceCY++; //take piece back
}
}
if(dcontrol==2||droppiece==1){
pieceCY++; //try and see what happens if we move the piece down
if(!(drepeatframe<=drepeatframes)){ //is in fast mode
fdrop++;
}else{
fdrop=0;
}
if(checkCollide()){//piece move is not valid
pieceCY--; //take piece back
score+=fdrop; //add # of fast dropped blocks to score
fdrop=0;
piece2bg(); //copy piece to background and reset to next piece
}
}
draw();
dispscreen();
clearControls();
//check for line clears
boolean clearline[pfsizeY];
uint8_t clearedlines=0;
uint8_t templines=0;
for(uint8_t j=4; j<pfsizeY; j++){
clearline[j]=1; //assume line is cleared
for(uint8_t i=0; i<pfsizeX; i++){
if(playfield[i][j]<=7){clearline[j]=0;break;} //line is not full
}
clearedlines+=clearline[j];
templines+=clearline[j];
}
if(clearedlines>0){//breifly animate the cleared lines, then clear them
for(uint8_t f=0; f<=6; f++){
for(uint8_t j=4; j<pfsizeY; j++){
if(clearline[j]==1){
for(uint8_t i=0; i<pfsizeX; i++){
if(f%2==0){playfield[i][j]=8;}else{playfield[i][j]=0;}
}
}
}
draw();
dispscreen();
delay(200);
}
for(uint8_t j=4; j<pfsizeY; j++){ //accutally clear the lines
if(clearline[j]==1){
for(uint8_t t=j; t>=4; t--){
for(uint8_t i=0; i<pfsizeX; i++){
playfield[i][t]=playfield[i][t-1];
}
}
}
}
lines+=templines; //add number of lines to lines counter
switch(templines){ //calculate score
case 1:
score+=40*(level+1);
break;
case 2:
score+=100*(level+1);
break;
case 3:
score+=300*(level+1);
break;
default:
score+=1200*(level+1);
break;
}
for(uint8_t i=1; i<=templines; i++){ //see if the level needs increasing
lslvi++;
if(lslvi>=10){lslvi=0;level++;}
if(level>=20){level=20;}
}
}
//check gameover (scan through line 3 and see if there are any non-active pieces in it)
for(uint8_t i=0; i<pfsizeX; i++){
if(playfield[i][3]>7){
//*********************GAME OVER********************
Serial.println(F("GAME OVER"));
while(ngame==0){
controls();
}
newgamemon();
}
}
//check for completed lines
}
The Code (TRS-80 version)
I used the z88dk C compiler for the port. To compile, use zcc +trs80 -lndos -lm -create-app tetris.c -o tetris which will create a .CAS file. Use zcc +trs80 -lndos -lm -create-app -subtype=disk tetris.c -o tetris to create a .CMD
Porting this to the TRS-80 turned out to be a much harder challange, mostly because the TRS-80 is a very slow, low power machine. Some of the improvements were obvious, like only checking the lines and game over only when an active piece becomes inactive. However, this isn't enough to make a playable version. The TRS-80 is slow enough that every comparison, operation, and graphics plot add noticable delay. Therefore, I only update parts of the display when needed (ie, the area around the active piece, 1 block around the piece carrier); the background is filled back in to erase piece moves, and the screen is only redrawn at the end when the active piece becomes inactive. This is possible because unlike the arduino version, the whole screen doesn't need to be rewitten every time it changes. I also had to take out any frame delay and reduce the levels to 10 because the machine is not fast enough to keep up. The version below is therefore clunky, but playable. The obvious next steps are to make an assembler version of Tetris.
//tetris.c - Wilson Tetris for TRS-80 - 05/28/2019
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <graphics.h>
#define pfsizeX 10 //playfield size (in cells)
#define pfsizeY 22 //note that top 4 lines are not drawn
#define pfX 8 //upper left corner of playfield location (pixel)
#define pfY 4
#define npX 60 //upper left corner of next piece indicator
#define npY 2
#define clspX 4 //spacing between cell elements (pixels)
#define clspY 2
void controls(void);
unsigned char playfield[pfsizeX][pfsizeY]; //the game area
unsigned char cscreen[pfsizeX][pfsizeY-4]; //a copy of what gets drawn on the screen (game area)
unsigned char pieceC[4][4]; //piece container
signed char pieceCX; //location of upper left corner of piece container
signed char pieceCY;
unsigned char pieceT; //type of piece
unsigned char pieceR; //rotation of piece
unsigned char nextpieceT;
unsigned char nextpieceR;
unsigned char dcontrol; //locks in control every frame
unsigned char rcontrol;
unsigned char lastdcontrol=0; //for "debouncing" of inputs
unsigned char lastrcontrol=0;
unsigned char drepeatframe=0;
#define drepeatframes 3 //wait _ frames before repeatedly going in one direction
unsigned char dropframe=0; //counter for number of frames between block drops
unsigned char level=0; //LEVEL decreases frame drop from maxlevel frames to 0 frames (levels 0 to MAXLEVEL)
#define maxlevel 10
unsigned char ngame=1; //when set, starts new game
unsigned char newpc=0; //when set, get a new piece
unsigned int lines=0; //NUMBER OF LINES CLEARED
long score=0; //TOTAL SCORE (using NES rules)
unsigned char fdrop; //number of blocks that piece has been fast dropped
unsigned char lslvi=0; //lines since level increase (when this gets to 10, increase the level)
char lvladd=0;
void setblock(char x, char y){
for(char i=0; i<8; i++){
controls();
plot(x+i%4,y+i/4);
}
}
void clearblock(char x, char y){
for(char i=0; i<8; i++){
controls();
unplot(x+i%4,y+i/4);
}
}
void cdraw(char x, char y, char color){//only draws on screen if it needs to (uses cell coordinates)
if(cscreen[x][y]!=color){
cscreen[x][y]=color;
if(color!=0){
setblock( (x)*clspX+pfX, (y)*clspY+pfY );
}else{
clearblock( (x)*clspX+pfX, (y)*clspY+pfY);
}
}
}
void recopyscreen(){ //copies playfield to screen
for(char i=0; i<pfsizeX; i++){ //manually redraw the entire screen
for(char j=4; j<pfsizeY; j++){
cdraw(i,j-4,playfield[i][j]);
}}
printf("%cY%c%c%ld", 27, 32+3, 32+47, score);
printf("%cY%c%c%d", 27, 32+5, 32+47, level);
printf("%cY%c%c%d", 27, 32+7, 32+47, lines);
}
void controls(){
/*
if(bpeek(0x3802)&0b00000010){plot(126,46);}else{unplot(126,46);} //up button (I)
if(bpeek(0x3802)&0b00000100){plot(125,47);}else{unplot(125,47);} //left button (J)
if(bpeek(0x3802)&0b00001000){plot(126,47);}else{unplot(126,47);} //down button (K)
if(bpeek(0x3802)&0b00010000){plot(127,47);}else{unplot(127,47);} //right button (L)
if(bpeek(0x3801)&0b00000010){plot(121,47);}else{unplot(121,47);} //a button (A)
if(bpeek(0x3804)&0b00001000){plot(122,47);}else{unplot(122,47);} //b button (S)
if(bpeek(0x3801)&0b00000001){plot(119,47);}else{unplot(119,47);} //newgame (@)
*/
if(bpeek(0x3840)&0b00000100){exit(0);}
if(bpeek(0x3810)&0b00000010){lvladd=1;}
if(bpeek(0x3810)&0b00000001){lvladd=-1;}
if(bpeek(0x3801)&0b00000001){ngame=1;}
if(bpeek(0x3808)&0b00000010){newpc=1;}
if(dcontrol==0){
if(bpeek(0x3802)&0b00000100){dcontrol=4;}
if(bpeek(0x3802)&0b00010000){dcontrol=6;}
if(bpeek(0x3802)&0b00000010){dcontrol=8;}
if(bpeek(0x3802)&0b00001000){dcontrol=2;}
if(dcontrol==0){drepeatframe=0;}
if(dcontrol==lastdcontrol){ //short delay before fast motion
if(drepeatframe<=drepeatframes){
drepeatframe++;
dcontrol=3; //lockout if within lockout period
}
}
}
if(rcontrol==0){
if(bpeek(0x3801)&0b00000010){rcontrol=1;}
if(bpeek(0x3804)&0b00001000){rcontrol=2;}
if(rcontrol==lastrcontrol){rcontrol=3;}
}
}
void clearControls(){
if(rcontrol!=3){lastrcontrol=rcontrol;}
if(dcontrol!=3){lastdcontrol=dcontrol;}
rcontrol=0;
dcontrol=0;
}
void loadpiece(){ //hardcoded all pieces
switch(pieceT){
case 1: //long one
switch(pieceR){
case 1:
case 3:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=0; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=1; pieceC[1][2]=1; pieceC[2][2]=1; pieceC[3][2]=1;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=0; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
case 2:
case 4:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=1; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=0; pieceC[2][1]=1; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=0; pieceC[1][2]=0; pieceC[2][2]=1; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=0; pieceC[2][3]=1; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
}
break;
case 2: //backwards L
switch(pieceR){
case 1:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=0; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=2; pieceC[1][2]=2; pieceC[2][2]=2; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=0; pieceC[2][3]=2; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
case 2:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=2; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=0; pieceC[1][2]=2; pieceC[2][2]=0; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=2; pieceC[1][3]=2; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
case 3:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=2; pieceC[1][1]=0; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=2; pieceC[1][2]=2; pieceC[2][2]=2; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=0; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
case 4:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=2; pieceC[2][1]=2; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=0; pieceC[1][2]=2; pieceC[2][2]=0; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=2; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
}
break;
case 3: //L
switch(pieceR){
case 1:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=0; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=3; pieceC[1][2]=3; pieceC[2][2]=3; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=3; pieceC[1][3]=0; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
case 2:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=3; pieceC[1][1]=3; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=0; pieceC[1][2]=3; pieceC[2][2]=0; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=3; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
case 3:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=0; pieceC[2][1]=3; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=3; pieceC[1][2]=3; pieceC[2][2]=3; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=0; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
case 4:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=3; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=0; pieceC[1][2]=3; pieceC[2][2]=0; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=3; pieceC[2][3]=3; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
}
break;
case 4: //s shape
switch(pieceR){
case 1:
case 3:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=0; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=0; pieceC[1][2]=4; pieceC[2][2]=4; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=4; pieceC[1][3]=4; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
case 2:
case 4:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=4; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=0; pieceC[1][2]=4; pieceC[2][2]=4; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=0; pieceC[2][3]=4; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
}
break;
case 5: //T shape
switch(pieceR){
case 1:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=0; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=5; pieceC[1][2]=5; pieceC[2][2]=5; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=5; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
case 2:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=5; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=5; pieceC[1][2]=5; pieceC[2][2]=0; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=5; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
case 3:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=5; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=5; pieceC[1][2]=5; pieceC[2][2]=5; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=0; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
case 4:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=5; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=0; pieceC[1][2]=5; pieceC[2][2]=5; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=5; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
}
break;
case 6: //reverse s
switch(pieceR){
case 1:
case 3:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=0; pieceC[2][1]=0; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=6; pieceC[1][2]=6; pieceC[2][2]=0; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=6; pieceC[2][3]=6; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
case 2:
case 4:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=0; pieceC[2][1]=6; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=0; pieceC[1][2]=6; pieceC[2][2]=6; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=6; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
}
break;
case 7: //square
switch(pieceR){
default:
pieceC[0][0]=0; pieceC[1][0]=0; pieceC[2][0]=0; pieceC[3][0]=0;
pieceC[0][1]=0; pieceC[1][1]=7; pieceC[2][1]=7; pieceC[3][1]=0;
pieceC[0][2]=0; pieceC[1][2]=7; pieceC[2][2]=7; pieceC[3][2]=0;
pieceC[0][3]=0; pieceC[1][3]=0; pieceC[2][3]=0; pieceC[3][3]=0;
break;
}
break;
}
}
void nextpiece(){//generate the next piece and move PC back to the top
unsigned char tempT=nextpieceT;
unsigned char tempR=nextpieceR;
nextpieceT = rand()%7 + 1;
nextpieceR = rand()%4 + 1;
pieceT=nextpieceT;
pieceR=nextpieceR;
loadpiece();
for(char i=0; i<4; i++){
for(char j=0; j<4; j++){
if(pieceC[i][j]!=0){
setblock((i)*clspX+npX, (j)*clspY+npY);
}else{
clearblock((i)*clspX+npX, (j)*clspY+npY);
}
}}
pieceT=tempT;
pieceR=tempR;
pieceCY=0; //move piece carrier back to the top of screen
pieceCX=3;
}
void mdraw(){
//printf("%cY%c%c%d", 27, 32+1, 32+55, fff); fff++;
loadpiece(); //load piece into the piece carrier
for(char i=0; i<6; i++){ //check piece carrier and one block offset outside it
for(char j=0; j<6; j++){
controls();
if((pieceCX-1+i)>=0&&(pieceCX-1+i)<pfsizeX&&(pieceCY-1+j)>=4&&(pieceCY-1+j)<(pfsizeY)){//check if this segment be drawn on screen
if(i>=1&&i<=4&&j>=1&&j<=4){//accessing piece carrier section here}
if(pieceC[i-1][j-1]>0){//if piece carrier block is confirmed should be white
cdraw(i-1+pieceCX,j-5+pieceCY,pieceC[i-1][j-1]);
}else{
cdraw(i-1+pieceCX,j-5+pieceCY,playfield[i-1+pieceCX][j-1+pieceCY]); //color it in with the existing playfield background
}
}else{
cdraw(i-1+pieceCX,j-5+pieceCY,playfield[i-1+pieceCX][j-1+pieceCY]);
}
}
}}
}
unsigned char checkCollide(){ //move the piece carrier first, then check if anything collides
loadpiece(); //load piece into the piece carrier
unsigned char nonvalidity=0;
for(char i=0; i<4; i++){ //run through all piece carrier cells
for(char j=0; j<4; j++){
if(pieceCX+i>=0&&pieceCX+i<pfsizeX&&pieceCY+j>=0&&pieceCY+j<pfsizeY){ //check if piece carrier segment can be drawn on screen
if(pieceC[i][j]!=0&&playfield[i+pieceCX][j+pieceCY]>7){ //if both background and nonzero piece carrier segment collide
nonvalidity=1;
}
}else{ //this segment of PC can't be drawn on the screen
if(pieceC[i][j]!=0){ //a filled in segment would be drawn offscreen
nonvalidity=1;
}
}
}
}
return nonvalidity;
}
void newgamemon(){
if(ngame==0){return;}
//Serial.println(F("NEW GAME"));
printf("%cY%c%c ", 27, 32+14, 32+40);
printf("%cY%c%c ", 27, 32+3, 32+47);
printf("%cY%c%c ", 27, 32+5, 32+47);
printf("%cY%c%c ", 27, 32+7, 32+47);
ngame=0;
for(unsigned char i=0; i<pfsizeX; i++){ //clear any cells with active piece parts (will be written again with new pieceC
for(unsigned char j=0; j<pfsizeY; j++){
playfield[i][j]=0;
}
}
lines=0;
level=0;
score=0;
lslvi=0;
fdrop=0;
nextpiece();
nextpiece();
recopyscreen();
}
void piece2bg(){ //will copy active piece into background and check for lines and game over
for(unsigned char i=0; i<4; i++){ //copy piece onto background
for(unsigned char j=0; j<4; j++){
if(pieceC[i][j]!=0){playfield[i+pieceCX][j+pieceCY]=pieceC[i][j]+8;} //copy the piece into the playfield/background
}}
nextpiece();
//check for line clears
unsigned char clearline[pfsizeY];
unsigned char clearedlines=0;
unsigned char templines=0;
for(unsigned char j=4; j<pfsizeY; j++){
clearline[j]=1; //assume line is cleared
for(unsigned char i=0; i<pfsizeX; i++){
if(playfield[i][j]<=7){clearline[j]=0;break;} //line is not full
}
clearedlines+=clearline[j];
templines+=clearline[j];
}
if(clearedlines>0){//breifly animate the cleared lines, then clear them
for(unsigned char f=0; f<=4; f++){
for(unsigned char j=4; j<pfsizeY; j++){
if(clearline[j]==1){
for(unsigned char i=0; i<pfsizeX; i++){
cdraw(i,j-4,f%2);
}
}
}
t_delay(2000);
}
for(unsigned char j=4; j<pfsizeY; j++){ //accutally clear the lines
if(clearline[j]==1){
for(unsigned char t=j; t>=4; t--){
for(unsigned char i=0; i<pfsizeX; i++){
playfield[i][t]=playfield[i][t-1];
}
}
}
}
lines+=templines; //add number of lines to lines counter
switch(templines){ //calculate score
case 1:
score+=40*(level+1);
break;
case 2:
score+=100*(level+1);
break;
case 3:
score+=300*(level+1);
break;
default:
score+=1200*(level+1);
break;
}
for(unsigned char i=1; i<=templines; i++){ //see if the level needs increasing
lslvi++;
if(lslvi>=10){lslvi=0;level++;}
if(level>=maxlevel){level=maxlevel;}
}
}
//check gameover (scan through line 3 and see if there are any non-active pieces in it)
for(unsigned char i=0; i<pfsizeX; i++){
if(playfield[i][3]>7){
//*********************GAME OVER********************
//Serial.println(F("GAME OVER"));
printf("%cY%c%cGAME OVER", 27, 32+14, 32+40);
while(ngame==0){
controls();
}
newgamemon();
}
}
recopyscreen();
}
void main(){
printf("%cE", 27);
printf("%cY%c%cWilson Tetris 2019", 27, 32+1, 32+40);
printf("%cY%c%cScore:", 27, 32+3, 32+40);
printf("%cY%c%cLevel:", 27, 32+5, 32+40);
printf("%cY%c%cLines:", 27, 32+7, 32+40);
printf("%cY%c%cNext", 27, 32+4, 32+30);
printf("%cY%c%cJ K L to move", 27, 32+10, 32+32);
printf("%cY%c%c A S to rotate", 27, 32+11, 32+32);
printf("%cY%c%c @ to start new game", 27, 32+12, 32+32);
drawb(pfX-2, pfY-1, (pfsizeX+1)*clspX, ((pfsizeY-3)*clspY));
ngame=1;
newgamemon();
while(1){ //*********************MAIN*PROGRAM*LOOP**************************
//normally a frame delay would go here, but the trs-80 is slow and we need all the speed we can get.
unsigned char droppiece=0;
dropframe++;
if(dropframe>=(maxlevel-level)){
dropframe=0;
droppiece=1;
}
newgamemon();
if(lvladd!=0){
level+=lvladd;
lvladd=0;
recopyscreen();
}
if(newpc!=0){
newpc=0;
nextpiece();
recopyscreen();
}
if(rcontrol==1){
pieceR++; if(pieceR>=5){pieceR=1;} //try to rotate piece
if(checkCollide()){
pieceR--; if(pieceR<=0){pieceR=4;} //undo rotation
}
}
if(rcontrol==2){
pieceR--; if(pieceR<=0){pieceR=4;}
if(checkCollide()){
pieceR++; if(pieceR>=5){pieceR=1;}
}
}
if(dcontrol==4){
pieceCX--; //try and see what happens if we move the piece left
if(checkCollide()){//piece move is not valid
pieceCX++; //take piece back
}
}
if(dcontrol==6){
pieceCX++; //try and see what happens if we move the piece left
if(checkCollide()){//piece move is not valid
pieceCX--; //take piece back
}
}
if(dcontrol==8){
pieceCY--; //try and see what happens if we move the piece up
if(checkCollide()){//piece move is not valid
pieceCY++; //take piece back
}
}
if(dcontrol==2||droppiece==1){
pieceCY++; //try and see what happens if we move the piece down
if(!(drepeatframe<=drepeatframes)){ //is in fast mode
fdrop++;
}else{
fdrop=0;
}
if(checkCollide()){//piece move is not valid
pieceCY--; //take piece back
score+=fdrop; //add # of fast dropped blocks to score
fdrop=0;
piece2bg(); //copy piece to background and reset to next piece
}
}
clearControls();
mdraw();
}
}
Nintendo DS version
This is ridiculous. We took the TRS-80 version and developed it for a platform made 27 years later. And it works.
Sure, there are already plenty of games available for the Nintendo DS, but if all you have is a Tetris clone, everything starts to look like a nail. The NDS defines handheld gaming for the children of my generation, so when I found one at my local rummage sale and paired it up with a generic China Special flash card so it could run programs off a micro sd card, I knew it had to be done.
This is honestly the first time I have worked/played with an actual games machine since I was first learning to hack my Wii around 2010, and will be the first time I write a homebrew app of any kind.
My port uses libnds (or is that ndslib?), compiled with the devkitPro enviroment. There isn't much development on the NDS nowadays, but even in 2019 I found updated instructions for installing an up to date development enviroment.
I learned that the nds has a ton of fancy game featrues (as you might expect), like sprites and special memory hardware that can make really fast copies of some things. It also has two seperate processors, which do completely diferent things (update the screen and check the inputs, for example) yet still make a complete system work. This is, needless to say, much more complicated than the things I usually work on.
However, I decided to forgo all the low level work and keep things simple. There is one video mode which, instead of making up sprites or loading in complex background images, is just that you write to a certain spot in memory with a certain value, and it turns a certain pixel of the screen a certain color (aka framebuffer mode). This is really easy to work with, although there are no included commands to draw lines or crcles or anything like that, so I added a few functions for this (although all I need to draw is boxes, which does make it somewhat easier.) This mode is also a lot slower than what the Ds is truely caplable of doing apparently, but I found it was more than fast enough to make Tetris work correctly.
The DS is also equipped with color screens, so I got to try coloring the blocks for the first time; this too was very easy, since I had kept track of which block belongs to which piece type, all I had to do was assign a color to each piece when going through and printing the playfield matrix. In doing this, I left out a bit of the code from the TRS-80 version that only plots things on the screen where it needs to be changed (this was absolutely nessacary in the TRS-80 version to get a playable game), but I found that the DS was so fast that it didn't matter at all. So now the entire piece carrier gets redrawn instead of just those tiles which have changed, but I could probably redraw the entire playfield too without any issue at all because speed is very high.
Speaking of speed, this ended up being a problem. In my two older versions, gameplay was quite slow. On the DS, I needed to introduce a lockout so that the next piece would not immediatly drop down while still holding the DOWN key. Then, it was a matter of adding frame delays to make a game that was not too fast (though I did increase the number of levels (speedup as lines are cleared) for faster gameplay as you keep playing).
Other than that, the port went smoothly, and as usual the hardest parts were trying to figure out how to get inputs from the buttons and how to draw blocks on the screen. Once I got that done I had a working version of Tetris about 30 seconds later, and the rest was fine tuning it.
The last step is, hey, the DS has speakers. The example code includes a way to play MOD-like tracker files (XM, S3M, and others). So, why not finish it out with a poorly rendered Midi version of All Star by Smash Mouth? This was literaly a matter of adding about 5 lines to my existing code, and disabling a couple things in the setup that it turned out I wasn't using anyways. The player takes everything in the background, while playing Tetris still. It uses some hardware (interrupts, timers and the like) so you can't drop it into just any cource code you've got, but for one like Tetris that barely uses any specia hardware it works fine.
Source
Here is a link to the source files and a compiled version: File:Wilson-tetris-NDS-t2.zip. You can build this just by running make from within the devkitPro console.